20 June 2018

THE U.A.P. INVESTIGATION AND SCIENCE


Few areas of the scientific investigation –if any— has to afford more distrust and attack than the one referred to the Unusual Aerial Phenomena.

And it is not because the scientific method is not applied meticulously, but because the people in general has not a clear view about what implies the scientific work, on the one hand, and on the other, they have an speculative or presumptuous vision about the U.A.P. subject.

We are aware that in good faith some people try to collect information about the U.A.P. observations, but the problem is that they do that to reaffirm their conviction about the subject without any evidence with scientific value. In other words, they do that only to sustain an idea taken before the facts (“a priori”), and that is not the way science works.

Besides, and because they are not happy with the genuine results of a scientific investigation and evaluation of presumably strange things seen in the skies, some of these people appeal to attack the honorability of those involved in a serious work, and to insults. Those attacks “ad hominem” put an end to any possible validity of their stance.

But, trying sincerely to reach the honest people that could be involuntary confused or mistaken, here we offer a clear definition of the specific qualities of science in the hope that this would be understood and easily assimilated.
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"The specific qualities of science that allow to distinguish them from everyday thought and other forms of knowledge are those that we will mention next.

First: objectivity, which means that we try to know something that agrees with the reality of the object that describes or explains it as such and not as we would like it to be.

Second: rationality, this is another important feature to define scientific activity and refers to the fact that science uses reason as a weapon to reach their results. Scientists work as much as possible with concepts, judgment and reasoning, and not with sensations, images or impressions.

Third: systematics, science is systematic, is concerned with building systems of coherently organized ideas and including all impartial knowledge together, increasingly broad.

Generality: The scientific concern is not so much to deepen and complete the knowledge of a single individual object, but to achieve that each partial knowledge serves as a bridge to reach an understanding of greater scope in this way tries to reach the general and does not stop exclusively In particular.

And finally fallibility, Science is one of the few systems elaborated by man where the possibility of mistake is explicitly recognized, of making mistakes in this awareness of its limitations is where lies its true capacity to self correct and overcome, to get rid of all elaborations accepted when their falsity is proven. Thanks to this feature, our knowledge is constantly renewed."

Taken from Gestiópolis: Article written by Oscar A. Colmenares D. based on an analysis of the Chapter I of the book “Process of Scientific Investigation” by Carlos Sabino (2002), Argentinean sociologist, historian and writer.






LA INVESTIGACIÓN DE LOS F.A.I. Y LA CIENCIA


Pocas áreas de la investigación científica -si acaso alguna- tiene que soportar más desconfianza y ataque que la referida a los Fenómenos Aéreos Inusuales.

Y no es porque el método científico no se aplique meticulosamente, sino porque las personas, en general, no tienen una visión clara de lo que implica el trabajo científico, por un lado, y por el otro, tienen una visión especulativa o presuntuosa sobre el tema F.A.I.

Somos conscientes de que, de buena fe, algunas personas intentan recopilar información sobre las observaciones de F.A.I., pero el problema es que lo hacen para reafirmar su convicción sobre el tema sin ninguna evidencia con valor científico. En otras palabras, lo hacen sólo para sustentar una idea tomada antes de los hechos ("a priori"), y esa no es la forma en que funciona la ciencia.

Además, y debido a que no están contentos con los resultados genuinos de una investigación científica y evaluación de cosas presumiblemente extrañas vistas en los cielos, algunas de estas personas apelan a atacar la honorabilidad de aquellos involucrados en un trabajo serio, y a insultar. Esos ataques "ad hominem" ponen fin a cualquier posible validez de su postura.

Pero, tratando sinceramente de llegar a las personas honestas que podrían confundirse o equivocarse involuntariamente, aquí ofrecemos una definición clara de las cualidades específicas de la ciencia con la esperanza de que esto se entienda y se aprenda fácilmente.

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“Las cualidades específicas de la ciencia que permiten distinguirlas del pensamiento cotidiano y de otras formas de conocimiento son las que mencionaremos a continuación.

Primero: objetividad, que significa que intentamos conocer algo que concuerde con la realidad del objeto, que lo describa o explique tal cual y no como nosotros desearíamos que fuese.

Segundo: racionalidad, esta es otra característica importante para definir la actividad científica y se refiere al hecho de que la ciencia utiliza la razón como arma para llegar a sus resultados. Los científicos trabajan en lo posible con conceptos, juicio y razonamiento, y no con sensaciones, imágenes o impresiones.

Tercero: sistematicidad, la ciencia es sistemática, se preocupa por construir sistemas de ideas organizadas coherentemente y de incluir todo conocimiento imparcial en conjunto, cada vez mas amplio.

Generalidad: La preocupación científica no es tanto ahondar y completar el conocimiento de un solo objeto individual, sino lograr que cada conocimiento parcial sirva como puente para alcanzar una comprensión de mayor alcance. De este modo trata de llegar a lo general y no se detiene exclusivamente en lo particular.

Y finalmente falibilidad, La ciencia es uno de los pocos sistemas elaborados por el hombre donde se reconoce explícitamente la propia posibilidad de equivocación, de cometer errores. En esta conciencia de sus limitaciones es donde reside su verdadera capacidad para auto corregirse y superarse, para desprenderse de todas las elaboraciones aceptadas cuando se comprueba su falsedad. Gracias a esta característica nuestros conocimientos se renuevan constantemente.”

Tomado de Gestiópolis. Artículo escrito por Oscar A. Colmenares D., en base a un análisis del Capítulo I del libro “Proceso de Investigación Científica” de Carlos Sabino (2002), sociólogo, historiador y escritor argentino.

03 June 2018

READING AGAIN KEITH THOMPSON’s “Angels and Aliens – UFOs and the mythic imagination” – 1993


Time runs very quickly. Half of 2018 is already gone. That is why I’ve found interesting and even intriguing to return to some books I’ve read a long time ago, to see what they thought and said then, and how it sounds today.

How much of those thoughts remain valid, and how many of them have to be thrown out to the wastebasket.

So I choose to start with this book of Keith Thompson attracted by the title of it.

Undoubtedly, I expected a different approach to the UAP subject, and there is one, although the author carefully walks on a middle line avoiding risking a definite opinion.

On page 46 he mentions the renowned Psychologist Carl Gustav Jung, that every one of us remembers for his famous book "Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies" (1979).

Thompson says that "Jung came to believe that archetypes are not purely psychic but rather possess an inherent impulse to transgress their psychic frames and materialize in visible forms.” “The archetypes of the collective unconscious tend toward manifestation.” 

He adds that the new generation of investigators “looked to parapsychology, religious studies, folklore and mythology for new kinds of insights into a phenomenon whose effects called into question where mind leaves off and matter begins.” 

This represents for me a very dangerous cocktail that goes far beyond apart from rationality and logic.

I think Thompson is notoriously influenced by Jacques Vallée, whose way of thinking goes quite near to his ideas, and therefore he says: “Perhaps something quite ancient from the world soul was making its periodic return, in a novel form, as part of a larger cycle or spiral of manifestation.” (page 65).

Later he dedicates to try to explain the Betty and Barney Hill case, taken as an example where mythical influences and facts mix together. Therefore, he mentions Donald Keyhoe’s The Flying Saucer Conspiracy book from which Betty took some ideas, also the film Invaders from Mars, and the episode “The Bellero Shield” of the series “The Outer Limits”, as sources that contributed to their “abduction case”. (pages 66 and 67).

On page 194, Thompson transcribes Jacques Vallée when the French scientific says: “I have been led to conclude that there is a spiritual control system for human consciousness and that paranormal phenomena like UFOs are one of its manifestations. It is possible that this control is natural and spontaneous. It might be explainable in terms of genetics, or by the principles of social psychology, or as an unknown aspect of ordinary phenomena. It is possibly artificial in nature, under the power of some superhuman will. Perhaps the answer consists of a combination of these –no one can say for certain.”

What to expect for the future?

Have in mind that this book was written in 1993.

It is more than interesting to see what some investigators and people in some way related with the UFO subject said about the future of it.

Thompson describes the situation then as this: “Meanwhile, compelling sighting reports continue to be made, often by highly credible witnesses.  As experts –governmental, military, academic and scientific—consistently refuse to consider the growing body of first-person accounts, witnesses and the public at large reach their own conclusions about the true nature of UFO events.”

It results curiously for me to verify the ideas and reactions of some well known ufologists at that time.

Apparently the amount of sightings has been going down, and Thompson writes: “Today, with fewer of what ufologists call ‘high-quality sightings’ than in many years, longtime investigator (and ET-hypothesis champion) Jerome Clark predicts an imminent solution to the entire controversy.(page 241).

“Our long quest is almost over,” Clark states. “We soon, I think, will know what UFOs are.”

And then Thompson cites two abductologists, Budd Hopkins and David M. Jacobs. 

Hopkins said: “After decades of painstaking and persistent investigation, including many false leads and dead ends, the UFO phenomenon is at last revealing its core secrets.”

Jacobs meanwhile said:”We may be on the threshold of momentous discoveries”.

Frankly, I am surprised by the enthusiastic and confident attitude of these people.

And Thompson comments:
“Maybe the end is indeed near.
Yes.
This time. At last.
Then again, maybe not.” (page 241)

On page 245, the author says: “no UFO sightings currently stir major controversy, so unlike the 1960s and 1970s when the UFO fieldworkers eagerly awaited their next on-site assignment, their pronouncements conveyed to the nation on network television.”

These and other signs are interpreted to mean the UFO phenomenon will simply fade away as strangely as its sudden arrival, that it will take its place in folklore with vampires, leprechauns, and werewolves as a folkloric motif specific to a particular historical epoch.” (page 245) [the underline is mine].

We can consider this as a prophetic view.

It is clear that Keith Thompson finally, does not pronounce himself on the identity of the UFOs, nor does he raises the problem of public ignorance and the lack of an appropriate investigation of the reported cases.
 
Fewer addresses the question of how military intelligence used the UFO issue to benefit its own interests and plans.

And he does not mention anything fundamental: to frame the UFOs as a matter of psychological warfare, as a great psychological operation or operations.

In the Technical Report prepared in 1949 at the end of Project Grudge, there was a section of Recommendations, something that has been overlooked by the vast majority of researchers and scholars. It states: “That Psychological Warfare Division and other governmental agencies interested in psychological warfare be informed of the results of this study.”

Milton W. Hourcade
June 2018, Iowa City.